Parts of Speech in English
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Learning English can be challenging, especially for non-native speakers. One of the most complex aspects of the language is understanding the roles that different words play within a sentence. It’s important to understand any part of speech and how it’s used. In this article, we’ll provide a handy reference on the different parts of speech with examples to help you better understand the ideas.
Parts of Speech Chart
The first step to understanding the different parts of speech is to know what they are and how they are used. The parts of speech chart is a great tool for understanding different words and how they interact.
Use it as your reference for parts of speech examples!
| Part of Speech | Definition | Example |
| Noun | Identifies a person, place, thing, or idea | The store, John, America |
| Adjective | Describes or modifies a noun or pronoun | Big, red, sunny |
| Verb | Expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being | Run, walk, be |
| Adverb | Describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb | Quickly, actually, almost |
| Pronoun | Stands in place of a noun or noun phrase | He, she, them |
| Article | Introduces a noun or noun phrase | A store, the gym, an elephant |
| Preposition | Expresses a relationship between two other words in a sentence | Inside, between, on, at |
| Conjunction | Connects words or groups of words | But, because, or |
| Interjection | Expresses emotion or surprise | Wow! Huh! Oh! |
Now that you can identify the different parts of speech, let’s dive a little deeper into each one.
1
Adjectives
Adjectives help us describe or modify a noun or pronoun. For example, in the sentence “The big, red balloon,” the words “big” and “red” are adjectives because they are used to describe the noun “balloon.”
- Compare two things. For example, in the sentence “She is taller than her brother,” the word “taller” is an adjective because it is used to compare two people.
- Describe the quantity of something. For example, in the sentence “She ate five cookies,” the word “five” is an adjective used to describe the quantity of cookies.
- Describe feelings or emotions. For example, in the sentence “He was angry,” the word “angry” is an adjective that is used to describe the feeling of anger.
- Show the size of something. For example, in the sentence “The elephant was huge,” the word “huge” is an adjective because it describes the size of the elephant.
- Show the shape of something. For example, in the sentence “The triangle was sharp,” the word “sharp” is an adjective because it is used to describe the shape of the triangle.
- Show the color of something. For example, in the sentence “The sky was blue,” the word “blue” is an adjective because it is used to describe the color of the sky.
Adverbs
Adverbs help us describe or modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. For example, in the sentence “She quickly ran to the store,” the word “quickly” is an adverb because it is used to describe the verb “ran.”
- Describe the manner in which something is done. For example, in the sentence “He spoke softly,” the word “softly” is an adverb that describes the manner in which he spoke.
- Describe the frequency of something. For example, in the sentence “He often goes to the store,” the word “often” is an adverb used to describe the frequency with which he goes to the store.
- Describe the degree of something. For example, in the sentence “He was very tired,” the word “very” is an adverb used to describe the degree of his tiredness.
- Describe the time of something. For example, in the sentence “She arrived late,” the word “late” is an adverb used to describe the time of her arrival.
Verbs
Verbs are words that are used to express an action, occurrence, or state of being. For example, in the sentence “She walked to the store,” the word “walked” is a verb because it is used to express the action of walking.
- Express a physical sensation. For example, in the sentence “He felt sick,” the word “felt” is a linking verb in this context, connecting the subject to an adjective describing a physical state.
- Express a mental state. For example, in the sentence “She was confused,” the word “was” is a verb because it is used to express the mental state of confusion.
- Express an opinion. For example, in the sentence “They thought it was a good idea,” the word “thought” is a verb used to express the opinion that it was a good idea.
- Express a desire. For example, in the sentence “He wanted to go home,” the word “wanted” is a verb because it is used to express the desire to go home.
Nouns
Nouns are words that help us identify a person, place, thing, or idea. For example, in the sentence “The store was busy,” the word “store” is a noun because it is used to identify a place.
- Refer to a specific object. For example, in the sentence “She bought a book,” the word “book” is a noun because it is used to refer to a specific object.
- Refer to an abstract concept or idea. For example, in the sentence “He wanted freedom,” the word “freedom” is a noun because it is used to refer to an abstract concept.
- Refer to a person’s occupation. For example, in the sentence “She is a teacher,” the word “teacher” is a noun because it is used to refer to a person’s occupation.
- Refer to a feeling or emotion. For example, in the sentence “He felt sadness,” the word “sadness” is a noun because it is used to refer to a feeling or emotion.
Pronouns
Pronouns are words used instead of a noun or noun phrase. For example, in the sentence “She went to the store,” the word “she” is a pronoun because it is used in place of the noun “woman.”
- Refer to a specific person or thing. For example, in the sentence “He gave it to them,” the word “it” is a pronoun because it refers to a specific thing.
- Refer to groups of people or things. In the sentence “They went to the store,” the word “they” is a pronoun because it refers to a group.
- Refer to a place or thing that has already been mentioned. For example, in the sentence “She went to the store, and it was already closed,” the word “it” is a pronoun because it is used to refer to the store that has already been mentioned.
- Refer to a person or thing whose gender is unknown. For example, in the sentence “Someone left their bag,” the word “their” is a pronoun because it refers to a person or thing whose gender is unknown.
Articles
Articles are words that are used to introduce a noun or noun phrase. For example, in the sentence “A store was busy,” the word “a” is an article because it is used to introduce the noun “store.”
- Refer to a specific person or thing. For example, in the sentence “She bought the book,” the word “the” is an article because it is used to refer to a specific book.
- Refer to groups of people or things. For example, in the sentence “The students went to the store,” the word “the” is an article because it refers to a group of people.
- Refer to a place or thing that has already been mentioned. For example, in the sentence “He went to the store, but I didn’t,” the word “the” is an article because it is used to refer to the store that has already been mentioned.
Prepositions
Prepositions are words that are used to express a relationship between two other words in a sentence. For example, in the sentence “She went to the store,” the word “to” is a preposition because it is used to express the relationship between the words “she” and “store.”
Examples of using prepositions:
- Express a location. For example, in the sentence “The store is across the street,” the word “across” is a preposition because it is used to express the location of the store.
- Express time. For example, in the sentence “We will meet at 3 PM,” the word “at” is a preposition because it is used to express the specific time of the meeting.
- Express the direction of something. For example, in the sentence “She walked up the stairs,” the word “up” is a preposition because it is used to express the direction of her walk.
- Express a cause. For example, in the sentence “She was late because of the traffic,” the word “because” is a preposition because it is used to express the cause of her lateness.
Conjunctions
Conjunctions help us connect words or groups of words. For example, in the sentence “She went to the store and then came back,” the word “and” is a conjunction because it helps us connect the two clauses.
Examples of using conjunctions:
- Show contrast. For example, in the sentence “He wanted to go home, but he stayed,” the word “but” is a conjunction that we use to show contrast between the two clauses.
- Express a cause or purpose. For example, in the sentence “She was late because she missed the bus,” the word “because” is a conjunction that we use to express the cause of her lateness.
- Express an alternative. For example, in the sentence “She went to the store or she went to the park,” the word “or” is a conjunction because it is used to express an alternative.
- Express a result. For example, in the sentence “She studied hard, so she passed the exam,” the word “so” is a conjunction that helps express the result of her studying hard.
Interjections
Interjections are words that express emotion or surprise. For example, in the sentence “Wow, the store was really busy!” the word “wow” is an interjection because it is used to express surprise.
Examples of using interjections:
- Express joy. For example, in the sentence “Yay, I got an A!” the word “yay” is an interjection because it is used to express joy.
- Express disappointment. For example, in the sentence “Oh, I didn’t get the job,” the word “oh” is an interjection because it is used to express disappointment.
- Express surprise. For example, in the sentence “Oh my gosh, I can’t believe it!” the phrase “oh my gosh” is an interjection because it is used to express surprise.
- Express excitement. For example, in the sentence “Yippee, I got the job!” the word “yippee” is an interjection because it is used to express excitement.
Summary
Learning English can be a challenge, but understanding the different parts of speech is an important step in becoming a proficient speaker. After enough practice, you will be able to easily identify some parts of speech in English without having to think about them.
Check out specific references for each part you’re interested in to learn more about them!
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